How to Teach the Past Perfect Continuous

How to Teach the Past Perfect Continuous Teaching the past perfect continuous is sometimes a choice. On the one hand, to complete the overview of each tense the past perfect continuous needs to be included. On the other hand, the past perfect continuous is rarely used by native speakers in their daily activities. The choice whether to teach this tense should,  therefore, be made based on a student needs analysis: Do the students need to understand the past perfect continuous for use on exams such as the TOEFL or Cambridge exams, or is the focus of the class more on communication skills. If the class needs the tense for academic tests, a quick once-over of the past perfect continuous is probably worthwhile. Teaching this tense should be relatively easy as students will be familiar with the concepts from having learned the present perfect continuous and the future perfect continuous. Introducing the Past Perfect Continuous Introduce the present perfect continuous by speaking about a past event of some import. For example, speaking about a situation in which people were asked to wait for a long period, or some other anticipatory action took place. A good example might be an exciting new product release by Apple. Duration of a Past Activity The customers had been waiting for three hours just to get in the door when the store finally opened.Jennifer said she had bee saving her money to buy the new iPhone. Another example could be a test that students have recently taken. In this case, you can also ask some questions: How long had you been studying for the TOEFL when you took it?Had you been working together before you took the test? Result of a Past Activity Students should also understand the past perfect continuous can be used to express the cause of something that happened in the past. To introduce this usage, tell a story about something unusual that happened in the past and use the past perfect continuous to relate, comment and speculate as to the cause: There was a horrible car crash yesterday on I-5. Apparently, one driver had been texting and didnt see that the other driver had stopped. Not only that, but it had been raining for a few hours so the conditions were awful. Use in the Third Conditional Form The past perfect continuous is also sometimes used in the third, or past unreal, conditional form. Its worthwhile pointing this out to students, but also reminding them that the past perfect is generally used. The exception is that the past perfect conditional is used to focus on a specific moment in time in the past. If I had been working on that project, we would have got the contract.He wouldnt have been in the accident if he hadnt been texting while driving. Practicing the Present Perfect Continuous Explaining the Past Perfect Continuous on the Board Use a past perfect continuous timeline to illustrate the relationship of the tense to a past event. The construction is a little complicated, so providing a quick grammar chart can also help with understanding. Subject had been verb(ing) objects We had been working for twelve hours by the time we finished the project.Susan had been complaining for weeks when he finally purchased her the new car. Activities Lesson activities should include a thorough comparison of the when to use the perfect or perfect continuous form. A great lesson for this can be adapted by this lesson comparing the present perfect simple and continuous. Take the biography of someone from the past, students then ask questions using either the past perfect of the past perfect continuous to ask and answer questions based on the biography. Student 1: How many years had he studied law before he became a judge?Student 2: He had studied law for ten years before his appointment. Student 1: What had she been doing before she moved to Texas?Student 2: She had been working for a designer in New York.

Write a paper comparing and contrasting commercial aviation careers Research

Write a comparing and contrasting commercial aviation careers versus military aviation options. Which one is preferable Why - Research Paper Example Despite the challenges that plague the operation s of the airliners, the globe is fully dependent on air travel to fulfill its operations. This explains the reason for the plenty availability of jobs at airlines, airplane organizations, airports, and military organizations all around the world. These career paths are different, as some are more technical than others are. Contrary to this, the difference between the commercial aviation careers and military aviation spans more than just the salaries (Campbell, Castaneda & Pulos, 2009). The desire of many aspiring aviation employees is piloting. The difference, however, is the size of plane that a pilot flies. Besides, a number of contributors make the flight possible, as the airplanes require maximum attention before taking off. Regional commercial airlines often pay $20 every hour (Wheatley, 2012). This notion has inflicted the ambitions of many aspiring aviation workers, with each waiting to fly a jumbo jet. The average annual salary for an aerospace program management director is approximately $151, 000 (Wheatley, 2012). These directors deal with the development of an aviation company strategy, with the negotiations of new aircrafts. Besides, they are responsible for the profitability of the airline company. In the military, the aerospace management director executes the orders from the air wing panel on the tender for the aircraft types that the military needs. This position is to order for the aircrafts from the manufacturers, with the budgetary allocation fixed and inflexible as compared to the commercial airline career. A pilot is an aviation expert who operates aircrafts to transport goods or people for one place to another. In the commercial aviation field, corporations and airline owners employ pilots. In the military front, they are employees of the government. It is however notable that there exist pilots who operate private transport services in private

The snows of kilimanjaro Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The snows of kilimanjaro - Research Paper Example . Harry is the protagonist of the story. Hemingway’s depiction of the character Harry is amazing. The way in which he ruminates about his past life experience and the sudden retrieval to the present to quarrel with his wife is skillfully drawn. His conscious effort to correlate himself with the character Harry is obvious. He made his character realistic with his own ‘professional resume to give him a journalistic background’. The wife of Harry, Helen, resembles Hemingway’s second wife. Harry never calls his wife by name. Helen is more advanced character made by the writer. Harry sees Helen as wealth itself. It exposes the outlook of Harry which causes his decay. The protagonist of the story is a writer, who is on a safari in Africa with his wife Helen. Harry is scratched on the leg by a thorn and the infection slowly becomes gangrene. Helen is trying to make him comfortable and gives him hope to live. But he seems to be a person waiting for death and that d istresses his wife. Helen’s concern and anxiety never vibrates the mind of the protagonist. He is addicted to disappointment and self pity which leads him to languor and laziness and also exhibits distasteful attitude to his wife. The rest of the story is his rumination on his wide ranging and scattered life experience. He feels the disappointment of reaching nowhere as a writer because he spent most of the time with wealthy women by marrying them. The whole story is a stream of consciousness of the protagonist that he jumps to the past and present. Hemingway uses flash backs to tell the story. In the first flash back he remembers about World War 1 and the diverse scenes. His first memories are of journeying through Europe during the war, hiding, hunting and his skiing excursions. He also listens to the bombing. When the flashback finishes he comes back and engage in verbal battle with Helen. Harry then falls asleep and wakes up at evening to see Helen returning after shootin g an animal for them. Then he slips to think about her as a wife. He recognizes with pain the time he spend with a series of women neglecting his true talent as a writer. Helen is a rich widow who had already married and had two children among them one had died in an air crash. Because of her admiration in his writings and they share some common interests, she got married to Harry. After drinking together, he again slips into sleep. In between he reflects on the process by which he has got gangrene. He was trying to take the photograph of some water buck and had a scratch on his knee. He did not apply iodine and it became gangrenous. In the second memory he remembers his life in New York with prostitutes and his journey to Paris after a quarrel with an American soldier for a prostitute to have the new wife Helen. Then we see they both take dinner and again Harry ruminating on his grandfather’s house, his fishing in the Black forest, his relations with the poor neighbors and t hus he continues in his ponderings. Along with the reflections in his mind Harry slowly feels the approach of death when he hears the hyena crying. Helen takes his cot to the tent and he feels death close to his heart. Harry dreams of a rescue in the form of a man called Compton. He was taken by that man to the top of Kilimanjaro where he saw the white snow, a new experience where there is only

The Namesake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Namesake - Essay Example Inside Bengali belief, Gogol ought to have been the character's nickname inside their home and Nikhil is his official name for his documents. However through a sequence of catastrophes, Gogol is what bonds and this neither Indian-nor-American label comes to put up with his battle with identity, customs together with everything amidst. Just like in the composition of Amy Tan "Mother Tongue", she talk about various matters including language as well as cultural barriers tackled by her and her family members during the time when she was growing up. This is also the same with the encounters of Gogol when he was growing up. Mother Tongue, similar with The Namesake also discusses labels and lack of value being conveyed by their ethnic background also the struggles produced by being Asian inside America. Both narrations talked about communication difficulties between the relatives and the society. And the obstacles faced because of this verbal communication crisis that their family holds with the rest of society. Both realized how much the environment as well as people can transform the way you apply and discover the English language for both the good as well as for the bad. Gogol's remoteness from his parents is not very much an effect aligned with being Indian as it is a comm

Evolution of the Automobile Industry and Henry Ford Essay -- Essays Pa

Evolution of the Automobile Industry and Henry Ford Henry Ford, "the high priest of efficiency," was the tinkerer-craftsman who produced one of many horseless carriages, the automobile. Nearly three years after his only son was born in 1893, Ford succeeded in producing his first car. After months of vigorous work and two final sleepless nights, the Quadricycle tolled out of Ford's garage. The Quadricycle was a primitive machine, with a tiller for a steering wheel, bicycle tires, a bicycle seat and a bicycle chain to transfer the power of the engine to the wheels. Engine-manufacturing plants did not exist, so Ford's car was constructed entirely by hand, with common parts recycled into new uses. A house doorbell was the horn. The two cylinders were made from scrap pipe rescued from an old steam engine, honed and then cut in half (Taub 17-18). An attempt to create one of the first automobiles was Charles King. However, his car weighed three times the amount of Ford's attempt at 500 pounds. While King's car could only make five miles per hour, the speed of a brisk walk, Ford's automobile reached up to 20 miles per hour. Since Ford lacked factory experience, the company folded before a single car could be produced and sold. A convincing win in a 1901 automobile race attracted a new group of supporters for Henry Ford's industry. "With fifty-thousand dollars in capitalization, these supporters set up the Henry Ford Company. But Ford could not set his mind to designing and building the low-cost cars in which he claimed he was interested (Taub 18)." By 1903, Ford designed another car, the Model A. This came with a two-cylinderengine developing eight horse power, capable speeds up to thirty miles per hour. H... ...ster. Henry Ford's invention of the automobile led to many opportunities that people had never before dreamed of. This new invention is one of the main factors that has built our nation to where it is today. Through all of the different models of the automobile, we have evolved to where we are today. Works Cited - Barker, Ronald. Automobile Design: Twelve Great Designers and Their Work. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 1992. - Clymer, Floyd. Henry's Wonderful Model T 1908-1927. New York: Bonanza Books, 1955. - Meyer, Stephen III. The Five Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford Motor Company 1908-1921. Albany: State of University of New York Press, 1981. - Taub, Eric. Tavrus: The Making of the Car That Saved Ford. New York: Dulton Book, Penguin Group, 1991.

In Civil Peace, How Does War Affect Society Essay

In human history, especially in the ninetieth century and the twentieth century, there were many civil wars in different countries because of political, economic, religious, ethnic, and cultural conflicts, for example, the American Civil War between the United States and several southern slaves states from 1861 to 1865; the Korean Civil War between the Republic of Korea and Democratic people Republic of Korea from 1950 to 1953; the Chinese Civil War between the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China from 1927 to 1950, and the Nigeria Civil War between the Hausas Party and the Igbo Party from 1967 to 1970. Civil wars cause serious poverty and starvation for the people, kill tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians, and bring tragedies to many families. For instance, in the Korean Civil war, more than one million soldiers and civilians were killed, including over 40,000 American soldiers, 511,493 South Korean soldiers and civilians, about 400,000 North Koreans, and over 148,000 Chinese soldiers. Therefore, civil wars affect societies severely. In â€Å"Civil Peace†, the war causes terrible casualties of civilians and soldiers, results in fearful society instability, and destroys tremendous infrastructures and houses. In human history, especially in the ninetieth century and the twentieth century, there were many civil wars in different countries because of political, economic, religious, ethnic, and cultural conflicts, for example, the American Civil War between the United States and several southern slaves states from 1861 to 1865;[1] the Korean Civil War between the Republic of Korea and Democratic people Republic of Korea from 1950 to 1953;[2] the Chinese Civil War between the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China from 1927 to 1950, and the Nigeria Civil War between the Hausas Party and the Igbo Party from 1967 to 1970. 3] Civil wars cause serious poverty and starvation for the people, kill tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians, and bring tragedies to many families. For instance, in the Korean Civil war, more than one million soldiers and civilians were killed, including over 40,000 American soldiers, 511,493 South Korean soldiers and civilians, about 400,000 North Koreans, and over 148,000 Chinese soldiers. [4] Therefore, civil wars affect societies severely. In â€Å"Civil Peace†, the war causes terrible casualties of civilians and soldiers, results in fearful society instability, and destroys tremendous infrastructures and houses. First, most Nigerian civilians live in hunger and malnutrition, but more miserably, tens of thousands soldiers and civilians are killed during the devastating civil war. It is estimated that about 180,000 soldiers and civilians were battle deaths and non-battle deaths. [5] Contrary to Jonathan’s luckiness, such as â€Å"He had come out of war with five inestimable blessing-his head, his wife Maria’s head and the heads of three out of their four children†(Achebe 20), many parents lost all of their children and many other children lost their parents. They all live in extreme grief and sorrow of losing their family members. Furthermore, those children whose parents are dead can hardly survive in the extreme postwar poverty. A lot of people suffer life poverty and spiritual grief. Most important, civil war brings tragedies to many families. These tragedies will affect survivors forever. Secondly, civil war not only results in lots of corporations being closed down and many employees being unemployed, but also brings social instability. For example, most of Jonathan’s fellow ex-miners cannot find jobs. They cook meals that they scrounge together in Bournvita tins. Moreover, because a large number civilian population lacks food and money and they are always in starvation; some civilians are forced to make a living through robbery. These robbers bring people serious fear and pain. In â€Å"Civil Peace†, after Jonathan brings his ex-gratia award back home, a gang of robbers comes and threatens that they will break into the house at night if he doesn’t give them one hundred pounds. â€Å"Jonathan and his family were now completely paralyzed by terror. Maria and the children sobbed inaudibly like lost souls. Jonathan groaned continuously† (Achebe 23). At last, the thieves rob Jonathan twenty pounds. Therefore, the Civil War causes serious social instability and brings civilians more sorrows. Thirdly, in addition to life hardships and spiritual grieves, tremendous infrastructures and houses are destroyed in the war. Many people become destitute and homeless. For example, when Jonathan comes back Enugu, he is astonished to find that â€Å"Only two houses away a huge concrete edifice some wealthy contractor had put up just before the war was a mountain of rubble† (Achebe 22). Some ex-miners are sleeping out of the offices because their houses are ruined in civil war. It is well known that roads, bridges, railways, and rban water and electricity facilities are always heavily destroyed during wars. Civilians suffer starvations during the days and endure cold during the nights because their houses are damaged. Indeed, it is inconceivable how tough conditions people live in during the war. Jonathan is an extra-ordinarily lucky man, but most civilians’ lives are tragic. Without food, houses, money, families and jobs, many people almost collapse into near-madness. Therefore, civil war results in numerous houses and infrastructures ruined. In addition, civil war will severely block postwar national economic development. The governments need to invest lots of money to rebuild ruined national infrastructures. â€Å"Nothing puzzles God† says Jonathan (Achebe 25), but civil wars puzzle everyone. Most Nigeria civilians undergo poverty, homelessness, cold and sadness. Civil wars not only bring extreme poverty and starvation, but also cause severe casualties of soldiers and civilians. Moreover, numerous houses and facilities are terribly ruined. In addition, a lot of factories and corporations are forced to close down. Above all, the civil war contributes to severe social instability, brings families tragedies, and causes people deep sorrows.

The Proposed Corporate Social Responsibility - 1329 Words

Objective Washington Metropolitan region consists of some of the wealthiest and most educated people in the country. And yet thousands of people are homeless in the community. The proposed corporate social responsibility (CSR) program aims to reduce the homeless population in the region by implementing a financial education program in homeless shelters. Background According to Metropolitan Washington Council of Government (COG), as of 2014, there are 11,946 homeless individuals inhabit in Washington Metropolitan area. This region consists of Alexandria, Arlington Country, District of Columbia, Frederick Country, Loudoun Country, Montgomery Country, Price George’s Country, and Prince William County. Capital One is headquartered in McLean Virginia, which is the center for the Metropolitan area. It is our responsibility to get involved in local community issues. There are many different categories of homelessness in our community. HUD established four categories of homelessness. These categories are: (1) Individuals and families who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and includes a subset for an individual who is exiting an institution where he or she resided for 90 days or less and who resided in an emergency shelter or a place not meant for human habitation immediately before entering that institution; (2) Individuals and families who will imminently lose their primary nighttime residence; (3) Unaccompanied youth and families with children and youthShow MoreRelatedCorporate Ethics Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pageslooking out for the best interests of shareholders (Cross Miller, 2012). The board of directors was designed to monitor executives, however in practice this is not always the case (Cross Miller). Obviously this is monitoring is a necessary duty. 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